Research & Data

Transparency is our foundation. Below are the primary sources and research that inform our data and understanding of the copyright trolling landscape.

[1] Doughty, Angela P. "Crossing the Bridge: Copyright Trolls."

[2] Eckhause, Melissa. "Fighting Image Piracy or Copyright Trolling? An Empirical Study of Photography Copyright Infringement Lawsuits"

[3] "Copyright Litigation Report 2021." Lex Machina, 2021.

[4] "Lex Machina Releases 2021 Copyright and Trademark Litigation Report." LexisNexis.

[5] M. Beck, James. "It’s Back! It’s Wayback! It’s Away, Wayback! It’s Admissible!"

[6] M. Bibart, James. "Metadata in digital photography: The need for protection and production of this silent witness"

[7] Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow, Garrett & Dunner, LLP. "Next Time, Take a Selfie: Case Dismissed for Lack of Copyright Ownership"

[8] Trinkhaus, Nico. PhotoClaim. "It’s Back! It’s Wayback! It’s Away, Wayback! It’s Admissible!"

[9] Butler, Megan. "DC Circuit rules AI-generated work ineligible for copyright"

[10] Ward and Smith, P.A. "Crossing the Bridge: Copyright Trolls"

[11] Smith, Stacie K. "The Cost of a Photograph"

[12] Stoltz, Mitch. "Defenders of Copyright Troll Victims Urge Congress to Reject the "Small Claims" Bill"

[13] Blank Rome LLP. "Beware of the Trolls: Recent Uptick in Copyright Trolling and What You Should Do"

[14] Snead, Molly. "Demand Letters for Copyright Infringement and Photos: How to Respond (and How to Avoid them in the First Place)"

[15] Foster Swift Collins & Smith. "Under the Bridge | The Rise of Copyright Trolls in the Intellectual Property Space"

[16] cjfoxlaw.com. "Is PicRights A Scam? Are Higbee & Associates Emails a Scam?"

[17] mcneeslaw.com. "What to do if you receive a copyright demand letter"

[18] Billman, Jeffrey. "Is This Asheville Photographer a Wronged Artist or a ‘Copyright Troll’?"

[19] Dr. William Sen. "Copyright Infringement Notice Letter from PicRights"

[20] Bryant-Foust, Hollie. "How to Handle Higbee & Associates Copyright Demand Letters When You Already Have a License"

[21] Chase, Chris. "Don’t Fall for These Image Copyright Infringement Scams"